2011年7月29日 星期五

雞蛋對人體的益處


因為雞蛋黃中含有膽固醇,長期以來,許多人就把雞蛋等同於膽固醇,認為吃雞蛋可使血脂增高,故動脈硬化、冠心病及高血壓的病人不宜食用。甚至有的人在吃雞蛋時,要把蛋黃去掉。在此,我們要為雞蛋平反

筆者每天都吃雞蛋,前段時間去台灣講學時,作了一個PET檢查,結果顯示,冠狀動脈鈣化評為0分,是最理想的狀態。可見雞蛋黃不等於膽固醇,吃雞蛋黃不會使血脂增高而導致動脈硬化。

近年來,各國醫學專家都做過這種實驗:給6080歲的老人(其中包括患動脈硬化、冠心病、高血壓者)每天吃兩個雞蛋,3個月後檢查血清膽固醇和血脂均未見增高。這說明,適量吃雞蛋不會增加膽固醇。化驗分析表明,雞蛋中的膽固醇與蛋白質結合在一起,可形成一種脂蛋白,按顆粒大小,可分為超低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白。前兩種可沉積於血管壁上,後一種卻有清除血管壁上膽固醇的作用。所以,雞蛋中的膽固醇成分本身就可以互相抵消。蛋黃中還含有豐富的卵磷脂,是一種強有力的乳化劑,能使膽固醇和脂肪顆粒變得極細,乳化成為懸浮於血液中的細微粒子,而不沉積於血管壁上,並能順利通過血管壁被細胞利用,從而減少血液中的膽固醇。其實,各種血管疾病的發生,主要是人體功能障礙所致,造成血液中膽固醇含量增高的原因絕不僅僅是因為每天吃1個雞蛋黃,而是由於體內膽固醇代謝失調,即膽固醇合成的數量多於分解的數量。人體內的膽固醇不光靠飲食攝入,還有體內合成的,即使食物中完全不含膽固醇,肝臟也會自行合成。

雞蛋黃中不只是膽固醇。一個雞蛋可孵出一隻活生生的小雞,可見其營養既豐富又全面。一個雞蛋重約50多克,含蛋白質7克、脂肪6克,產生熱能82千卡。雞蛋蛋白質的氨基酸比例很適合人體生理需要,易為人體吸收,利用率高達98%以上,營養價值很高。雞蛋中鈣、磷、鐵和維生素A含量都很高,B族維生素也很豐富,還含有其他多種人體必需的維生素和微量元素,是小兒、老人、產婦以及肝炎、結核、貧血患者、手術後恢復期病人的良好補品。其所含脂肪,呈乳化狀態存在於蛋黃中,極易被消化、吸收﹔其所含的卵磷脂、卵黃素等,對人體神經系統及生長發育有很大補益﹔其所含的蛋白質質量高超,其中卵白蛋白及卵黃磷蛋白都是蛋白質家族中的上品,卵球蛋白是嬰幼兒生長發育的必需品。雞蛋中的鐵、鈣,還是造血、長骨的必需品。

雞蛋對人體的益處

健腦益智雞蛋黃中的卵磷脂、甘油三酯、膽固醇和卵黃素,對神經系統和身體發育有良好作用,可延緩老年人的智力衰退,改善記憶力。卵磷脂被醫學專家視為老年性痴呆的克星。

保護肝臟雞蛋中的蛋白質對肝臟組織損傷有修復作用。蛋黃中的卵磷脂可促進肝細胞的再生,還可提高人體血漿蛋白量,增強機體的代謝功能和免疫功能。

防治動脈硬化美國營養學家和醫學人員根據蛋黃中卵磷脂的乳化作用,用雞蛋來防治動脈粥樣硬化,獲得了出人意料的效果。

預防癌症雞蛋中含有較多的維生素B2可以分解和氧化人體內的致癌物質。雞蛋中的微量元素,如硒、鋅等也都具有防癌作用。日本學者研究發現,雞蛋中還含有抗癌物質光黃素和光色素,一個雞蛋約含光黃素10克,光黃素和光色素能抑制誘發喉癌和淋巴癌的EB病毒增殖。

延緩衰老雞蛋中幾乎含有人體所有需要的營養物質,故被人們稱為理想的營養庫。營養學家稱之為完全蛋白質模式堅持適量吃雞蛋,是不少長壽者延年的經驗之一。

雞蛋的正確吃法

雞蛋吃法多種多樣,就營養的吸收和消化率來講,煮蛋為100%,炒蛋為97%,嫩炸為98%,老炸為81.1%,開水、牛奶沖蛋為92.5%,生吃為30%~50%。可見,煮雞蛋是最佳吃法,但要注意細嚼慢咽,否則會影響吸收和消化。不過,對兒童和老人來說,還是蒸蛋羹、蛋花湯最適合,因為這兩種做法能使蛋白質鬆解,極易被消化吸收。雞蛋中維生素C含量不高,所以吃雞蛋時最好輔以適量的蔬菜。

每天吃幾個雞蛋合適?

從營養學的觀點看,為了保証膳食平衡、滿足機體需要,又不會營養過剩,一般情況下,老年人每天吃12個雞蛋為宜。中青年人、從事腦力勞動或輕體力勞動者,每天可吃2個雞蛋﹔從事重體力勞動,消耗營養較多者,每天可吃23個雞蛋﹔少年兒童由於長身體,代謝快,每天也應吃23個雞蛋。孕婦、產婦、乳母、身體虛弱者以及進行大手術后恢復期的病人,需要多增加優良蛋白質,每天可吃34個雞蛋,但不宜再多。(北京中醫藥大學附屬東直門醫院主任醫師博士生導師:姜良鐸)

來源:健康報


雞蛋雖小營養高

雞蛋的營養成分非常豐富,除了缺乏維生素C和碳水化合物、鐵質吸收比較差之外,它含有豐富的蛋白質、脂肪、維生素及無機鹽等營養成分,對人體的生長發育具有很大的作用。

*
蛋白質
蛋白質的價值取決於組成它的氨基酸種類、結構和營養含量。
雞蛋中的蛋白質是質量、種類和組成中最優質的蛋白質,在人體的新陳代謝過程中,有促進、綜合和彌補的生理作用。蛋白質成分低的食物,如蔬菜等,如果和雞蛋一起吃,就能有互補作用,進而可提高人體對蛋白質的利用。此外,雞蛋的蛋白質還價廉物美,1克雞蛋蛋白質比1克肉類蛋白質的價格要低得多。

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脂肪
脂肪也是雞蛋中的重要營養成分,它約占全蛋的10%而且絕大部分集中在蛋黃中。
雞蛋中脂肪的主要成分是磷脂和膽固醇。其中膽固醇是人體所必需的物質之一,它是製造性激素、腎上腺皮質激素、維生素D的原料,而這些物質在人體的生長發育過程中,有著重要的作用;此外,膽固醇還具有保護作用,例如它附著在紅血球表面,就可以防止紅血球遭受破壞或侵害;膽固醇還與神經傳導功能有關,是破壞腫瘤細胞或其他有害物質所必需。然而,人體自身合成的膽固醇並不夠用,大約有1/3必須從食物中攝取。

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維生素
維生素AB在雞蛋中很豐富,主要貯存在蛋黃中。維生素是人體新陳代謝不可或缺的成分,故人體對它的需要量也較大。

*
無機鹽
雞蛋中還含有鐵、磷、鈣、鉀、鈉等人體代謝所必需的物質。

2011年7月28日 星期四

慢性B型肝炎會痊癒嗎?

Q1.慢性B型肝炎會痊癒嗎?怎麼判斷B肝已經痊癒了?

A1.B型肝炎的治療目標,是將B型肝炎病毒從人體內徹底的清除,達到以下狀況,才算「痊癒」:

一、抽血檢驗GOT、GPT值降至正常範圍。
二、抽血檢驗B型肝炎病毒量(HBV DNA)變成陰性。

三、抽血檢驗B型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)消失。
四、抽血檢驗B型肝炎表面抗體(anti-HBs)變成陽性。
五、肝臟病理切片上肝發炎的現象消失。

對於急性B型肝炎的病人而言,只要達到以上標準就算痊癒了;但慢性B型肝炎病患即使達到這些標準,仍然是B型肝炎帶原者。

雖然到目前為止,還沒有藥物或療法可以同時達成上述目標,但慢性B型肝炎還是可以透過藥物加以控制。隨著新藥陸續上市,以及治療性疫苗積極研發中,希望在不久的將來能有更好的藥物可以真正治癒B型肝炎。

Q2.B型肝炎帶原者與慢性B型肝炎有何不同?

A2.血液中有B型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg陽性)超過6個月以上,就是B型肝炎帶原者。若血中肝發炎指數(GOT、GPT)異常上昇,但還沒有到肝硬化 的程度,就是所謂的「慢性B型肝炎」。B型肝炎帶原者如果肝功能正常、腹部超音波檢查也正常,一般稱為「健康帶原者」,但最近醫界傾向不用這個名詞,改稱 為「不活動性B型肝炎帶原」,因為只要是有B型肝炎帶原,就不同於完全未帶原的人,就應該定期追蹤。

Q3.B型肝炎治療後,是不是就不會長肝癌?

A3.由於目前的干擾素或抗病毒藥物並無法使人體中之B型肝炎病毒徹底消失,因此B型肝炎病患治療成功後仍是B型肝炎帶原者,所以仍有可能會長肝癌,需要持續追蹤。



Q4.B型肝炎帶原者都可以服用抗病毒藥物嗎?市面上的藥局可以買得到嗎?

A4.並非所有的B肝帶原者都需要藥物治療,若抽血檢查GOT、GPT及腹部超音波檢查都正常,通常不需要用藥。而且,本手冊所介紹的抗病毒藥物都是醫師 處方用藥,必須經由醫師評估認為必要才能使用;千萬不能自行決定服用,以免造成反效果。因為這些抗病毒藥物並不是「保肝片」,更不同於一般維他命、保養 品,千萬不要自行購買服用。

Q5.B肝病人服用抗病毒藥物就可以將體內的B肝病毒根除嗎?

A5.抗病毒藥物可以有效的抑制肝細胞中B型肝炎病毒的複製及活性,降低肝臟發炎的程度,避免B肝患者病情惡化,進而演變成肝硬化或肝癌。但是到目前為止,各種抗病毒藥物都還無法徹底清除人體內的B型肝炎病毒,因此,治療成功後仍然是B型肝炎帶原者。

Q6.服用中草藥可以有效治療B型肝炎嗎?

A6.目前還沒有任何中藥經過正式的醫學實驗證實對慢性B型肝炎具有療效。不管中藥或西藥,要宣稱對慢性B型肝炎治療有效,必須能同時達到以下效果:

一、血中GPT值由不正常變成正常。
二、血中B型肝炎病毒消失。
三、肝穿刺證明肝發炎的情況明顯改善。

然而,用中草藥來治療肝病,的確是有其前瞻性。國內在政府、學界及生物科技業者的積極投入下,對於用中藥來治療慢性B型肝炎,確實有一些初步成果,不過目 前仍然屬於研究階段。另外,一般人多以為中草藥比較「溫和」,較無「副作用」,其實中草藥也是藥,發生副作用的可能性不見得比西藥低,服用時一樣要經過合 格醫師指示。

Q7.服抗病毒藥物期間可以懷孕嗎?
A7.雖然到目前為止,並沒有懷孕的B肝患者因服用抗病毒藥物而造成畸胎的報告,但也沒有動物實驗證明絕無可能。所以,為安全起見,B肝婦女服用抗病毒藥物期間,最好避免懷孕為宜。

Q8.服用肝安能或肝適能之前,是否都需要做肝切片(肝穿刺)?

A8.不一定,醫師會視個案情況來決定。◇

資料來源:財團法人肝病防治學術基金會《B型肝炎治療小手冊》

2011年7月27日 星期三

40歲前…B肝治療黃金期

聯合晚報/記者李樹人/台北報導】


e抗原陽性易肝硬化

肝硬化是B型肝炎患者的噩夢,林口長庚醫院一項長達十年的追蹤調查發現,e抗原陽性與肝硬化與肝癌之間確實有密切關係,e抗原在40歲之後才消失的患者日後罹患肝硬化的機率,高於40歲之前就消失的B肝患者約二至三倍。

林口長庚醫院胃腸肝膽科主治醫師朱嘉明表示,B型肝炎患者在15歲以前,B型肝炎e抗原盛行率接近九成,呈現陽性反應,隨著年齡的增長,大部分B型肝炎e抗原都會由陽性轉為陰性,到了40歲以後,B型肝炎e抗原仍呈陽性者不到一成。

值得重視的是,約有四分之一的B肝帶原者肝臟功能會逐漸變差,最後轉變成肝硬化、肝癌,比率相當高,最主要原因在於e抗原持續活化,呈現陽性反應。

為了找出e抗原與肝硬化之間的關聯性,他們花了10年時間,追蹤了近300名B型肝炎患者日後肝功能狀況,研究結果發現,40歲前是B型肝炎患者治療的黃金契機,40歲以上B肝患者e抗原仍然呈陽性反應,未來罹患肝硬化的風險明顯較高。

而且e抗原在40歲之前消失的患者罹患肝硬化的機率,明顯低於40歲之後才消失者,且e抗原越晚消失者罹患肝硬化的機率就越高,e抗原如果晚10年才消失,罹患肝硬化的機率約高出兩、三倍。

由於這項研究結論極具醫學價值,日前獲得國際知名醫學學術期刊Journal of Viral Hepatitis刊登,引起國內外醫界的矚目。

為何e抗原陽性會導致肝硬化?朱嘉明解釋,e抗原陽性意味著,e抗原繼續存在人體中,或是e抗原消失速度太慢,此時,病毒活性偏高,以致肝臟持續發炎,長期下來,就容易造成肝臟纖維化,最後變成了肝硬化。



定期抽血 檢查e抗原

朱嘉明強烈建議,35歲至40歲的B肝患者應該提高警覺,多關心一下自己,定期接受抽血檢查,看看e抗原是否還存在?病毒活性是否偏高?如果e抗原尚未由 陽性轉為陰性,就應接受考慮積極治療。林口長庚醫院胃腸肝膽科主治醫師許朝偉指出,目前治療B肝的抗病毒藥物都具有讓e抗原由陽性轉陰性的效果,最近正式 通過上市的口服式抗病毒新藥,治療成效提高至近四成。

2011年7月26日 星期二

Human Foods for Cat... toxic to cats?

The following is a list of foods that cats should never eat:

Onions, Garlic, & Related Root Vegetables
Onions contain a substance (N-propyl disulphide) which destroys red blood cells in the cat, causing a form of anemia called Heinz body anemia. Garlic contains a similar substance in a lesser amount.

Green Tomatoes, Green (raw Potatoes)
These foods are members of the Solanaceae family of plants, which includes the Deadly Nightshade, and contain a bitter, poisonous alkaloid called Glycoalkaloid Solanine, which can cause violent lower gastrointestinal symptoms. The leaves and stems are particularly toxic. (Tomatoes in pet foods are ripe, and should cause no concern because they appear in relatively small amounts)


Chocolate
It's becoming more widely known that chocolate is very toxic to both cats and dogs. Theobromine is the offending substance here. Janet Tobiassen Crosby, D.V.M. has an excellent article on the symptoms, effects, and treatment of chocolate toxicity
.
Grapes and Raisins
These foods' toxicity has mainly been found in dogs, in quantities of varying amounts. The ASPCA advises: "As there are still many unknowns with the toxic potential of grapes and raisins, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center advises not giving grapes or raisins to pets in any amount." That's good enough for me.

Milk
Although milk is not toxic to cats, it may have adverse effects. Simply put, adult cats fed a nutritious diet don't need milk, and many cats are lactose-intolerant, which means that the lactose in milk and milk products produces stomach upset, cramps, and gassiness. If your cat loves milk, and begs for it, a small amount of cream may be okay, two or three times a week. (The more fat in the milk, the less lactose.) Another compromise is CatSip, a product made from skim milk with an enzyme added that helps the digestion of lactose. Catsip is available in supermarkets such as Safeway, Albertson's and A&P, as well as pet products chains, such as PetSmart and Petco.

These are the most commonly seen "people foods" that are potentially harmful to cats. The bottom line is to feed your cat nutritious food developed with his needs in mind and choose treats designed for cats instead of table scraps.

Stress & Diabetes: 5 Stress Reduction Tips


Be assertive: Try being assertive instead of aggressive. "Assert" your feelings, opinions or beliefs instead of becoming angry or defensive to reduce stress.    

Get enough rest and sleep: Your body needs time to recover from stressful events and stressful people who may be in your life. Take a nap in the afternoon or try to sleep a little late on the weekends.   


Do something special or fun: Experts suggest that we need to "activate" that child inside us every now and then. Try buying a game or toy that may put a smile on your face.    

Be willing to forgive others: Allowing others the right to make mistakes goes a long way in reducing our stress. Sometime we just have to assume that others are doing the best they can, even if they do not measure up to our standards. 

Take a walk:  Exercise is a great way to reduce stress. It helps your body produce endorphins that make you feel good. Walking has other benefits that will help your diabetes such as calorie burning and weight control.

2011年7月22日 星期五

5 Safe, Smart Exercise Tips


Your body’s high-octane juice is glucose. Exercise enough and your body will pull glucose straight from the bloodstream, meaning lower blood sugar for hours after you work out. When exercising during these summer months, take a little care with these five tips.

Drink lots of water. Lots more than you may think. Experts recommend at least one-half to one cup of water every 15 minutes. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty, either. If needed, set a watch that beeps every 15 minutes to remind you to sip.

Avoid hot stuff. If it’s particularly hot outside, find an indoor venue for your workout—at home, in a gym, or a mall. But don’t just pay attention to the temperature. Be wary of humid weather because it will be difficult for your body to cool down. Exercise indoors when the heat index (a measurement based on temperature and humidity) is 105 degrees or higher.



Breathe through hard efforts. Do you ever find yourself holding your breath while exercising? This can be dangerous, especially for people who have diabetes. Not only does it raise your blood pressure, but it also raises the pressure within your eyes and can worsen eye diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. When you are lifting weights or exerting yourself, make a point to exhale during the hard part and inhale as you relax.

Keep tabs on hypoglycemia. When you’re physically active, it’s easy to mistake symptoms of hypoglycemia for the effects of exercise. Among the signs of dangerously low blood sugar are profuse sweating, rapid heartbeat, trembling, extreme hunger, difficulty thinking, blurred vision, loss of coordination, and “just not feeling right.” If you suspect you have hypoglycemia, stop exercising immediately and eat some raisins, hard candy, water with fruit juice added to it, or glucose tablets.

If you feel pain, stop. Exercise is supposed to make you feel better, not knock you flat. So, if you start to feel uncomfortable or short of breath when you are exercising, immediately reduce your degree of exertion or stop

2011年7月21日 星期四

B型肝炎治療新趨勢

很多B型肝炎帶原的人並沒有症狀,只有經由抽血才知道肝功能是否異常,當肝發炎厲害時才出現倦怠、食慾不振、噁心等症狀,嚴重者會有黃疸症狀的發生。因此很多帶原者並不知道自己已感染B型肝炎,更不知道自己應該長期追蹤。
對於慢性B型肝炎病人而言,口服抗病毒藥物帶來了新希望,患者每天只需服用一次,用藥變得更為方便;而且副作用較少,也使患者遵囑性因此大為提高,不再害怕治療了。

沈默的肝臟
一般的身體發炎,都會出現紅、腫、熱、痛的症狀,但是肝臟內沒有神經,即使發炎,也不容易出現任何症狀。但是當感染急性B型肝炎,或是慢性B型肝炎急性發作時,可能出現以下症狀:發燒、厭食、疲勞、噁心、嘔吐、茶色尿、皮膚紅疹、腹部不適、黃疸、關節疼痛。
B 型肝炎病毒主要是藉由血液或體液傳染,經由性行為、輸血、注射等方式傳染。B型肝炎病毒帶原的孕婦可能在分娩時經產道將病毒傳染給新生兒。此外,B型肝炎 帶原者,應定期每三個月做肝功能、胎兒蛋白、腹部超音波等檢查,平日更不要喝酒、不要熬夜,避免食用易發黴食物,多吃新鮮蔬菜,一旦有肝發炎的上述症狀 時,應馬上就醫治療。

阻止肝病變化
使用口服抗病毒藥物治療,抑制肝炎病毒的複製,能讓肝炎病情改善,以阻止「慢性肝炎--肝硬化--肝癌」三部曲,避免慢性肝炎進展至肝硬化,甚至降低肝癌發生的可能性。
威脅國人健康的頭號殺手---B型肝炎,隨著珮格西施(PEGASYS®)(新一代長效型干擾素)的問世,已獲得治癒機會。
目前這項價格不斐的療程,因成效良好,健保局正式於2009年11月開始全面給付,是國內第一種也是唯一一種可以同時治療慢性B和C肝炎的藥物,將造福台灣超過300萬名B、C肝患者。

抗病毒藥物
目前B型肝炎口服抗病毒藥物一共有四種:干安能、干適能、貝樂克、喜必福;醫師會根據病患服用藥物後的反應效果,來決定使用何種葯物, 抗藥性是許多B肝患者在治療過程中,所擔心會遇到的困擾,B型肝炎治療方式是藉由抑制病毒複製、甚至停止病毒感染來阻斷肝臟發炎的進行,B肝口服抗病毒藥 物之發展趨勢亦著重於抑制病毒複製及減低抗藥性產生。
若有患者體內的B肝病毒量高居不下,卻仍持續服藥,就容易產生病毒突變而導致抗藥性,此時醫師會評估患者狀況,予以調整治療方式及其用藥種類。
健 保局已從2009年11月1日起,健保局放寬B、C肝藥物給付,其中B型肝炎健保給付口服抗病毒藥物期間從18個月(1年半)延長到36個月(3年),新 規範中提出,若患者能在健保給付口服抗病毒藥物治療的3年內,達到E抗原陰轉,將可再延長1年的健保給付治療。另外在B肝及C肝,也以「抽血檢驗病毒量」 取代「肝穿刺檢查」,以評估病患是否需要接受抗病療,可由抽血方式來檢查,避免因患者擔心肝穿刺的危險,而放棄了最佳治療的時期。
除了藥物的治療外,B肝帶原者在日常生活必須注意身體調養,避免轉變為肝硬化、肝癌的可能性。


應謹記下列飲食與生活習慣:
避免菸酒 
醫學研究顯示,有抽菸、喝酒習慣的B型肝炎帶原者,其罹患肝癌機率是不抽菸、不喝酒的B肝帶原者的4至5倍。
多吃深綠色蔬菜
研究報告指出,一星期吃六餐以下深綠色蔬菜的B型肝炎帶原者,其罹患肝癌的機率,是吃六餐以上者的4倍,因為深綠色蔬菜所含的維生素A,可預防B型肝炎帶原者轉變為肝癌。
少吃發酵食物
醫學已證實,黃麴毒素是導致肝癌的因子之一。因此少吃花生製品、豆瓣醬、豆腐乳、豆豉或臭豆腐等發酵食品,可以減少食入黃麴毒素的機會。
保持均衡營養
平日飲食講求均衡的營養,不必特別吃補;隨意進補,反而加重肝病病情。不要亂服藥物
不要自行服用「保肝丸」、「強肝丸」等成藥,以免加重肝臟負擔。
常保持規律生活起居,避免勞累。
培養運動習慣
運動可提高身體機能,只要體力允許,不必限制運動量和運動方式。
定期追蹤檢查
B型肝炎帶原是轉變成肝硬化、肝癌的最大元兇,請務必與醫師配合,定期做追蹤檢查。
慢性B型肝炎患者中,每年至少有一百萬人因轉變成肝硬化或肝癌而早逝。而我們知道肝硬化及肝癌是可以早期預防其避免發生的,只要經常注意自己的身體健康,瞭解B型肝炎治療的新趨勢及日常應注意事項,在日新月異科技醫療進步之下,要完全控制B型肝炎病毒,將指日可待。

有肝硬化病史的人,應定期門診追蹤並可作胃鏡檢查,以早期發現食道靜脈瘤;避免用力的動作,如用力解便、咳嗽或抬舉重物等;避免進食過於堅硬、辛辣等食物

2011年7月20日 星期三

撥打399 高速路免費服務

高速公路上爆胎、車子拋錨,不必急著叫警察或找AAA只要您在洛縣境內,大都會交通局(Metro)就可以幫忙,且完全免費,連小費都不必給。近日聖蓋博王女士被幫助,感覺非常方便。
日前王女士的車胎在605號公路突然壞了,減速停到路肩,並打電話讓先生幫忙。不到五分鐘,只見一輛拖吊車來了,王女士原以為是保險公司拖車,接洽後才發現是Metro的高速公路服務部門(Metro Freeway Service PatrolSFP )。他們幫她把備胎取出來打氣、換輪胎,無需王女士動手,不到十分鐘搞定,而且完全免費。

Merto發言人Luis Inzunza說,他們提供的服務,不但包括更換輪胎,還包括啟動汽車、為水箱加水和漏水管線,如果因為沒油而拋錨,他們還免費提供一加侖汽油,讓你把車開到加油站。
如果十分鐘內沒辦法讓汽車啟動,SFP員工可把車拖下高速公路到安全地方,不過不會幫您拖回家或維修店。Inzunza說,原因是他們提供這些服務是為避免事故車輛造成交通擁堵,或車主在車輛飛馳公路上呆太久造成人身危險,通常盡可能恢復車輛啟動或拖離事發地就好。
Inzunza說,如需幫助,民眾只要撥打399或拿起高速公路邊的報警電話就可。如果需要服務手冊,民眾可電:213-992-2957索取。無論是私人小車還是大卡車,都可以要求幫助,來者不拒,統統免費。

2011年7月19日 星期二

Food Safety


1. Food poisoning is serious business
If you think food poisoning is little more than a mean 24-hour stomach bug, you’re not alone. You’re also wrong. More than 3,000 people in America alone die from foodborne illnesses each year, and many others suffer ongoing health problems that result from food poisoning.
2. A little bit of bleach kills a lot of bacteria
When it comes to disinfecting your countertops with bleach, less is more. One teaspoon of liquid bleach to one quart of water is all you need. Opt for the unscented kind to avoid unnecessary additives.
3. There’s a reason microwave instructions include “standing time”
Letting food sit for a few minutes after microwaving doesn’t just prevent you from burning yourself—it actually allows the food to cook more thoroughly. Food that’s been microwaved continues cooking after the oven shuts off, so take a pause before grabbing the potholders to avoid eating anything underdone.

 
4. Produce should always be washed—even if it has a peel
The peel or rind of oranges, lemons, bananas, and other produce inevitably comes in contact with the part you’ll be eating—as do any germs or bacteria it holds. To avoid foodborne illnesses, wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water (detergents and soaps can add unsafe chemicals) before preparing or eating.
5. Cooked food isn’t “safe” from bacteria
When food is hot or cold, bacteria can’t survive. But those nasty little organisms love your warm and room temperature leftovers. Serve food while it’s hot and refrigerate anything perishable within two hours of cooking to prevent food poisoning.

2011年7月18日 星期一

B肝治療 何時可停藥?

Q:我的兒子今年35歲,有B型肝炎,兩年半前,開始用貝樂克(0.5毫克)治療,大概用藥半年左右,他的e抗原就變成陰性,也有出現e抗體,肝指數、B肝病毒量也都恢復正常了,但是他的表面抗原遲遲沒有消失,表面抗體也沒有出現。

由於我的媳婦想懷孕當媽媽,最近門診時,就問醫師:「可不可以停藥?」醫師竟然回答說:「可以考慮停藥了。」請問我的兒子在表面抗原還是陽性的情況下,真的可以停藥嗎?


A:臨床上,有少數B肝帶原者不使用抗病毒藥物治療,也會出現表面抗原自行消失,且產生表面抗體的情況,但這種機率很低,通常發生在年紀較長的帶原者,其原因還不是十分明確,有可能是隨著年齡增長,B肝病毒的複製力也跟著減弱之故。

至 於B肝帶原者使用抗病毒藥物治療,讓表面抗原消失、產生表面抗體的確是終極目標,但機率也是很少(西方人因感染B肝的時間較短,因此機率比亞洲人稍大一 點)。因此,目前國際上的共識是參考e抗原是否陰轉?有無產生e抗體?B肝病毒量(HBV-DNA)及肝指數下降的程度,來決定停藥的時機。

對於治療前,e抗原陽性者,需用藥至e抗原轉為陰性,且產生e抗體,肝指數正常,也測不到B肝病毒,且此情況持續兩次當中,間隔半年以上的檢查,才考慮停藥。

您 的兒子用藥後,出現e抗原陰轉及有e抗體,肝指數正常與測不到B肝病毒量的情況已經維持大約兩年了。理論上,已經達到停藥標準,再加上太太有生育年齡的考 量,或許可先停藥,之後保持較密切的追蹤。假如之後,B型肝炎復發,再繼續治療。但是即使停了藥,最好不要馬上懷孕,一般建議要停藥半年以上較好。

(作者為台大醫學院內科教授、財團法人肝病防治學術基金會執行長)

2011年7月15日 星期五

8 Tips to Prevent Foodborne Illness


E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although most strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, this strain produces a powerful toxin and can cause severe illness.

How to lower your risk of infection 

1. Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Because ground beef can turn brown before disease-causing bacteria are killed, use a digital instant-read meat thermometer to ensure thorough cooking. Ground beef should be cooked until a thermometer inserted into several parts of the patty, including the thickest part, reads at least 160° F. Persons who cook ground beef without using a thermometer can decrease their risk of illness by not eating ground beef patties that are still pink in the middle.

2. If you are served an undercooked hamburger or other ground beef product in a restaurant, send it back for further cooking. You may want to ask for a new bun and a clean plate, too.

3. Avoid spreading harmful bacteria in your kitchen. Keep raw meat separate from ready-to-eat foods. Wash hands, counters, and utensils with hot soapy water after they touch raw meat. Never place cooked hamburgers or ground beef on the unwashed plate that held raw patties. Wash meat thermometers in between tests of patties that require further cooking.

4. Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, or cider. Commercial juice with an extended shelf-life that is sold at room temperature (e.g. juice in cardboard boxes, vacuum sealed juice in glass containers) has been pasteurized, although this is generally not indicated on the label. Juice concentrates are also heated sufficiently to kill pathogens.

5. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially those that will not be cooked. Children under 5 years of age, immunocompromised persons, and the elderly should avoid eating alfalfa sprouts until their safety can be assured. Methods to decontaminate alfalfa seeds and sprouts are being investigated.

6. Drink municipal water that has been treated with chlorine or other effective disinfectants.

7. Avoid swallowing lake or pool water while swimming.

8. Make sure that persons with diarrhea, especially children, wash their hands carefully with soap after bowel movements to reduce the risk of spreading infection, and that persons wash hands after changing soiled diapers. Anyone with a diarrheal illness should avoid swimming in public pools or lakes, sharing baths with others, and preparing food for others.

2011年7月14日 星期四

Rx for Better Sleep


It may seem a hard to connect the dots between sleep and diabetes. But the quality of your sleep is directly tied to your overall health and blood-sugar levels. We might joke about someone snoring so loud it makes the windows rattle, but that could be a sign of a potentially dangerous sleep disorder called sleep apnea. When you have sleep apnea, your breathing stops or becomes very shallow hundreds of times a night, depriving your body of oxygen, increasing your heart rate, and preventing you from entering the important stage of deep sleep that restores your body and mind. Here are some ways to sleep more soundly.

Check for symptoms. When the soft tissue in the back of the throat relaxes, it blocks the passage of air until your airway opens, often with a loud choking or gasping sound. You are more likely to have sleep apnea if you snore loudly or have a large neck—women with a neck size of more than 16 inches; men, 17 inches. Other signs include waking up three or more times a night to go to the bathroom and feeling sleepy despite getting eight or more hours of sleep. Mention any of these symptoms to your doctor.

Breathe easy. A few habits before and at bedtime can lead to a better slumber. First, stop smoking; it contributes to snoring. Have a light meal or dinner and skip the alcohol at least six hours before bed. Use a Breathe Right strip, which pulls the nostrils open wider, significantly reduce snoring. They’re available in team colors, so you can pretend to be your favorite athlete. 



Test in the wee-hours.
If you’re counting sheep by the herds, time to check your blood-sugar levels. This week, check your blood sugar more often to see if you’re hitting the target goals set with your doctor. High and low blood sugar can affect sleep quality. And take one more step: Set your alarm for 3 a.m. for another check. If your levels are normal, that’s great. If they’re low, it might explain why you’re waking up in the night. If sugar levels are below 75 mg/dL, have a small snack. Discuss any ongoing pattern of low blood sugar with your doc.

Drop pounds.
As if bathing suit weather wasn’t enough incentive to shed a few pounds, losing even a little weight can improve your sleep. For instance, lose 10 percent of your body weight and sleep apnea can improve 26 percent, according to one University of Wisconsin Medical School study. And extremely overweight folks who dropped 25 to 50 percent of their body weight saw a 70 to 98 percent decrease in sleep apnea.

2011年7月13日 星期三

牙周病簡易預防法


快樂的笑容帶給你一生的幸福
 
牙周病在美國很多醫藥研究証明,
從牙周病人的牙周那裏開始進入血管,而再傳入心臟和其他器官。
哥倫比亞大學的牙科醫藥學院與及Aetna保險公司聯合做了一個研究。
Aetna保險公司的醫藥保險之十四萬五千人中曾有糖尿病,長期血管發炎和心臟病。
雖然他們有這些疾病,但是他們曾經看過牙醫,醫好了他們的牙周病,因此他們的醫藥費較其他沒有看過牙醫的病人為少。
換句話來說,如果牙周病已經被控制好,糖尿病血管炎心臟病減少。 


2000年,美國政府公共衛生局前局長(Surgeon General)David Satcher
在老年人與小孩中,牙周病是一個無聲的流行病
看了上面醫藥研究的發現和警告,我就請教我的牙醫如何處理牙周病。
他的提議是:
每天早晚用鹽水漱口。
所以兩年來我都用鹽水漱口二,三分鐘,
然後再用清水洗去口裏的鹽,每天早晚各一次

兩年來我也再沒有牙周病了。

這是一個簡單而且便宜的方法來預防一個複雜的疾病。

2011年7月12日 星期二

Sneaky Sugars: Lookout!


Whole Grain Cereal - English Muffins: During the 80's and 90's manufacturers removed fat from packaged foods and replaced it with sugar to make up for taste or the lack of it. Whole grain cereal and English muffins may not seem sweet but they can contain surprisingly high sugar contents. Keep an eye on those nutrition labels.   

Smoothies:  Some experts say that the number one source of added sugar in our daily diets are beverages. Keep an eye on those healthy beverages as well. Some more popular smoothie recipes have up to 70 grams of total sugar. If in doubt about the sugar content of your favorite beverage, order a smaller size. 


Low-Fat Dressings: Low fat and fat free dressings often contain sugar in place of the fattening oils. One way to save money and bypass these potential sugar bombs is to make your own dressing.

Pasta Sauce: Homemade recipes for pasta sauce call for a hint of sugar to add sweetness, but many commercial brands ad 6 grams or more per 4 ounce serving. Usually this is done because sugar is less expensive then the other ingredients. Next time you are shopping, check the ingredients and try to find a sauce that contains less sugar than your current favorite.   

服用膠囊類藥物請注意

請務必看完---除非你從來不服藥!
這新聞有報導ㄡ!

服用膠囊類藥物請注意---死亡於每個瞬間噴出劇烈的呼吸,這是很嚴重的。
ㄧ位同學,就有這種親身經歷。

ㄧ顆膠囊,七處灼傷,嚴重吧!不是食道受傷後改用喝的,就會不痛哦!那是連呼吸,吞口水,都非常痛的!

很多人因為感冒,所以在服用膠囊時都使用溫熱水,但不知若膠囊無順利到達胃,那是會很嚴重的.快快修正你的服藥觀念哦!

我那同學的醫生教她應要如此做:

膠囊可以第一個吃,用冷水吞服,吞完最後一顆時,應要再多喝一些水,在睡前先服藥,服完
立即躺下!

日前我服用消炎膠囊時,因飲水量不夠使膠囊附著在食道上,而造成食道嚴重灼傷,六天以來只能靠冰鮮奶和開水度日,還要住院治療五天,醫生更警告  如再延誤就醫有可能惡化為食道穿孔,請大家不可忽視 

 服用膠囊類藥物時:

1.
千萬不可飲用溫水/熱水/果汁/含糖類飲料,正確是飲用冷開水。

2.
如服用後感覺喉嚨內有異物,速飲用大量冰鮮奶或冰水。

3.
服用時應站直或坐直,不要一服用完就馬上躺下

2011年7月11日 星期一

Car Air-conditioning-MUST READ!! 汽車的空調----必讀!!


No wonder more folks are dying from cancer than ever before. We wonder where this stuff comes from but here is an example that explains a lot of the cancer causing incidents.  Hmmm. Many people are in their cars first thing in the morning and the last thing at night, 7 days a week. As I read this, it makes me feel guilty and   ill. Please pass this on to as many people as possible. Guess its not too late to make some changes 
怪不得比起從前,有越來越多鄉親死於癌症,在我們都還不清楚癌症是從哪兒來之際,有個 實例顯示出許多癌症都是意外發生的。   嗯,許多人早上第一件事和晚上最後一件事都是待在汽車裡,一周7天。當我讀到這個,感到 又難過又愧疚。   請盡可能地把這訊息傳給大家,希望還來得及做些改變。

Please do NOT turn on A/C as soon as you enter the car.  Open the  windows after you enter your car and turn ON the AC after a couple of minutes.
進入車內不要馬上打開空調,先打開車窗通風幾分鐘,才打開空調。 
Here's why: 以下是原因:


According to a research, the car dashboard, sofa, air freshener emit Benzene, a Cancer causing toxin   (carcinogen - take time to observe the smell of heated plastic in your car). 
根據研究,汽車的儀表板。沙發。空氣濾清器會釋放產生毒素而致癌。   (致癌物質——花一點時間去觀察你的車里的塑膠製品高溫時產生的氣味。

In addition to causing cancer, Benzene poisons your bones, causes anemia and  reduces white blood cells.
Prolonged exposure will cause Leukemia, increasing the risk of cancer. Can also cause miscarriage . 
除了致癌之外,還會侵蝕我們的骨骼,造成貧血和降低白血球數量。長期曝露其中會導 致白血病,大大增加罹癌的風險,也可能導致流產。

Acceptable Benzene level indoors is 50m g per sq.ft. A car parked indoors with windows closed will contain 400-800 mg of Benzene.
每平方英尺的可接受水平為50毫克。若停車在室內又窗戶緊閉,則產生400-800毫克的苯 
If parked outdoors under the sun at a temperature above 60 degrees F, the Benzene level goes up to 2000-4000 mg, 40 times the acceptable level.
若停在戶外大太陽下溫度超過 60 ℉ (  15.5 ℃ )就上升至2000-4000毫克,超出允許  量的40倍! 

People who get into the car, keeping windows closed will inevitably inhale, in quick succession, excessive amounts of the toxin.
人們只要進入車內而又車窗緊閉,將會無法避免快速連續地吸入過量的毒素。 

Benzene is a toxin that affects your kidney and liver.. What's worse, it is extremely difficult for your body to expel this toxic stuff. 是那種會影響你的腎臟和肝臟的毒素,更糟糕的是,你的身體想把這種有毒物質排擠出去是  極度困難的。 

So friends, please open the windows and door of your car - give time for interior to air out -dispel the deadly stuff - before you enter.   所以朋友們,進入汽車之前,請把你車子的門窗打開,給點時間讓車內的空氣--致命的東西排出。

2011年7月7日 星期四

常用的降血壓藥

現時主要治療高血壓的藥物,可分為以下各大類:

利尿劑 (Diuretics)
減低體內的鹽份和水份、降低心排血量
作用: 利尿、去積水、降血壓
適用於: 心臟衰竭(Congestive Heart Failure) 、體內積水(edema)
不適用於: 痛風症患者、腎臟衰竭
副作用: 長期服用會影響血脂、血糖、尿酸、血液的電解質失控(Electrolyte Imbalance), 特別是失去鉀質(Potassium) 、鈉質(Sodium), 很多時需要用食物來補充,例如香蕉等
例如: Thiazides (HCTZ) HCTZ/Amiloride (Moduret) Indapamide (Lozide) Spironolactone (Aldactone) Loop diuretics (Furosemide)

乙型阻斷劑 (Beta Blockers)
作用 : 降血压、治疗心律失常、心绞痛、缓慢心跳速度
适用于 : 心脏病发作后、心跳过快的中青年
不适用于 : 心跳过慢者、哮喘病者、慢性阻塞性肺病 (Chronic Obstuctive Pulmonary Disease) 、严重四肢血管栓塞病 (Peripheral Arterial Disease)
:年龄六十以上,不宜在开始时单用这药
副作用 :疲倦、心跳慢、头晕
:这药不能突然停止服用,需要逐渐减低份量才能停服
例 如: Atenolol (Tenormin) Metoprolol (Lopressor SR) Bisoprolol (Monocor) Propranolol (Inderal) Acebutolol (Sectral) Pindolol (Visken) Nadolol (Corgard)

鈣離子阻斷劑 (Calcium Channel Blockers)
作用: 降血壓、治療心絞痛、心律失常
適用於: 心絞痛、血壓高
不適用於: 心臟衰竭(Congestive Heart Failure)
副作用: 腳水腫、頭痛、面紅
注: 應 用長藥性的CCB (Long acting : CD, SR, XL) 來降血壓, 每日只服用一次,不應用短藥性的 CCB (Short acting) 有些CCB會緩慢心跳 (如Diltiazem, Verapamil) ,同時服用 乙型阻斷劑(Beta Blocker)時要小心,以免造成心律過慢、血壓過低而暈倒
例如: Nifedipine (Adalat XL) Amlodipine (Norvasc) Felodipine (Renedil, Plendil) Diltiazem (Cardiazem CD, Tiazac) Verapamil (Isoptin SR)



血管收縮素II接受阻斷劑 (ARBs-Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers)
這類藥的作用與ACE抑制劑相同,可以保護心臟、血管、腎臟等,
但不會引起咳嗽等不良反應。這藥比 ACE抑制劑較新。
適用於不能用 ACE抑制劑的患者
例如: Valsartan (Diovan) Irbesartan (Avapro) Candesartan (Atacand) Losartan (Cozaar)Telmisartan (Micardis) Eprosartan (Teveten)

甲型阻斷劑 (Alpha Blockers)
作用: 降血壓、治療前列腺肥大的徵狀
適用於: 有前列腺肥大的老年男性
副作用: 會引起體位性低血壓 (Postural Hypotension) 和昏暈,尤其是最初的幾
服藥(first dose syncope),開始時藥份要逐漸增加,病者起牀時,
要格外小心,動作要慢,在頭二十四小時內,最好避免駕駛 這藥通常不是首次單用的藥物
例如:
Prazosin (Minipress) Doxazosin (Cardura) Terazosin (Hytrin)

直接腎活素抑制劑(Direct Renin Inhibitor)
這是一類最新的降血壓藥
作用:
防止身體產生一種令血管收縮的酵素 (angiotensin II) ,以致鬆弛血管而降血壓
可以單用或與期他血壓藥組合
不適用於: 孕婦、十八歲以下
例如: Aliskiren (Rasilez)


ACE 抑制劑 (ACEI-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)
作用: 降血壓、保護心臟、血管、腎臟等
適用於: 糖尿病、心臟衰竭(Congestive Heart Failure) 、心臟病發後(Post MI)、左心發大、腎臟蛋白尿等病患者
不適用於: 黑種人、腎臟兩邊動脈血管狹窄(Renal Artery Stenosis)、腎功能過份衰竭、有可能懷孕的婦女
副作用: 部份服用者(尤其東方人) 可引起刺激性咳嗽
例如: Ramipril (Altace) Perindopril (Coversyl) Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Fosinopril (Monopril) Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) Quinapril (Accupril) Trandolapril (Mavik) Benazepril (Lotensin)

2011年7月5日 星期二

Lower Blood Sugar Naturally


Get More Sleep: Poor or limited sleep affects body chemistry and getting the proper amount of sleep helps blood sugar control. People who get fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night are 4.5 times more likely to get abnormal blood sugar readings than those who sleep longer. Adults require approximately 7 to 9 hours of consistant sleep per night.  

Spread Out Your Meals: Try spreading meals out over the entire day, keeping your carbohydrate intake consistant. This will give your body time to regulate blood sugar levels by receiving smaller doses of sugars over longer periods of time. As always, adjust as necessary according to your blood glucose readings. 



Manage Stress: Try creating your own stress-relieving routines: take a walk, read a book, watch a movie or listen to some relaxing music. This is important for diabetics because stress creates excess  stored energy - glucose and fat - so cells can use it when needed. This extra energy will not make it to the cells efficiently in diabetics and will result in high blood sugar readings.

Eat Breakfast: Eating breakfast is especially important for diabetics because after fasting for 8-12 hours your body will need to balance it's blood sugar levels. According to diabetes experts try to include a breakfast that contains a carbohydrate, protein and fiber.